Factors related to the appearance and development of burnout in nursing students: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Burnout may be suffered not only by experienced nurses, but also by those in training. The university environment can be highly stressful for student nurses, who are exposed to various stress-producing situations. Aim: The aim of this study is to identify and analyse the main risk factors for burnout among nursing students. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. The search equation used was "Burnout AND Nursing students". Quantitative primary studies on burnout in nursing students, and related risk factors published in English or Spanish and with no restriction by year of publication were included. Results: A sample of n = 33 studies were included. Three variables are identified can influence burnout in nursing students: academic, interpersonal, environmental and/or social factors. The meta-analyses, with the higher sample of n = 418 nursing students, show that some personality factors, empathy, and resilience are correlated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. Conclusion: The personality factors that can influence the development of burnout in nursing students, such as resilience and empathy, among others, must be taken into account when preventing the appearance and treating burnout. Professors should teach nursing students to prevent and recognize the most frequent symptoms of burnout syndrome.

Prevalence, levels and related factors of burnout in nurse managers: A multi-centre cross-sectional study.

AIMS: The aims of this study are to analyse the prevalence and levels of burnout syndrome in nurse managers and to evaluate the relationship between burnout and related sociodemographic, occupational and psychological factors. BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome, defined as an emotional response to chronic stress, is a major problem among nurse managers. METHODS: The study was conducted using a cross-sectional survey design and data collected by the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the revised NEO Five Factor Inventory and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire for Anxiety and Depression. The sample population consisted of 86 nurse managers from different hospitals from the Public Health Service of Andalusia, Spain. RESULTS: A total of 22.4% of the participants presented high levels of emotional exhaustion, 21% experienced depersonalisation and 57.6% had little sense of personal accomplishment. Working long shifts was related to burnout. Emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were predicted by depression, while personal accomplishment was predicted by conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness. CONCLUSIONS: A total of 34.1% of the participants presented high levels of burnout, manifested by feelings of low personal accomplishment. Psychological and occupational factors play an important role in the development of this syndrome. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Nurse managers should seek to detect burnout among staff and colleagues matching the risk profile for this condition and promote interventions to prevent it.

Effect of a game-based intervention on preoperative pain and anxiety in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Games are increasingly being used as a means of alleviating pain and anxiety in paediatric patients, in the view that this form of distraction is effective, non-invasive and non-pharmacological. AIMS: To determine whether a game-based intervention (via gamification or virtual reality) during the induction of anaesthesia reduces preoperative pain and anxiety in paediatric patients. METHODS: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials was performed in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and using RevMan software. The review was based on a search of the EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, SciELO and Scopus databases, conducted in July 2021. No restriction was placed on the year of publication. RESULTS: 26 studies were found, with a total study population of 2525 children. Regarding pain reduction, no significant differences were reported. For anxiety during anaesthesia induction, however, a mean difference of -10.62 (95% CI -13.85, -7.39) on the Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale, in favour of game-based intervention, was recorded. CONCLUSIONS: Game-based interventions alleviate preoperative anxiety during the induction of anaesthesia in children. This innovative and pleasurable approach can be helpful in the care of paediatric surgical patients. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: In children, preoperative management is a challenging task for healthcare professionals, and game-based strategies could enhance results, improving patients' emotional health and boosting post-surgery recovery. Distractive games-based procedures should be considered for incorporation in the pre-surgery clinical workflow in order to optimise healthcare.

Levels of Burnout and Engagement after COVID-19 among Psychology and Nursing Students in Spain: A Cohort Study.

The COVID pandemic has 0drastically changed the functioning of universities in Spain and may have altered individuals' behaviours and emotions, the way they engage in the learning process and their psychological well-being. Burnout syndrome is a psychological problem that arises from persistent confrontation with emotional and interpersonal stressors. COVID-related burnout among Spanish students has received little research attention. For this study, a pre-post cohort study design was used. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey, the Granada Burnout Questionnaire for university students, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale and the Fear of CoronaVirus-19 scale. The population was composed of two samples of 190 and 226 students from Spanish universities. According to the results obtained, significant differences were observed between the pre- and post-test samples. Levels of burnout were higher after the COVID-19 pandemic and students' levels of engagement have dropped significantly following their experiences of the COVID pandemic. This study shows the impact that the covid pandemic has had on Spanish university students, impacts which may have had important consequences for their mental and physical health. It is necessary to implement intervention programs to enable students to recover, at least, the levels of burnout and engagement prevailing before the outbreak of the pandemic.

Effectiveness of nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety in adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

AIMS: The aim of this review and meta-analysis is to analyse the effectiveness of nursing interventions for the management of preoperative anxiety in adults. BACKGROUND: The perioperative process is a stressful situation for many people who are going to be operated and it can generate feelings of anxiety. Also, preoperative anxiety can appear in the perioperative period. Nursing management of preoperative anxiety through individualized interventions can be effective for reducing anxiety. DESIGN: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. DATA SOURCES: CINAHL, CUIDEN, Pubmed, ProQuest and Scopus databases were consulted without restriction per year of publication. The search was conducted in February 2020. REVIEW METHODS: Experimental studies on nursing management in preoperative anxiety with adults sample (>18 years) published in English and/or Spanish were included. All types of surgery were included in the review. A random effects meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effect size for preoperative anxiety measured with STAI. RESULTS: After the selection process n = 9 quantitative studies with nursing interventions for preoperative anxiety were included. A preoperative educational and informative interview was used in six studies, one study used empathic interview, one used motivational interview and one used hand massage. The meta-analysis, including four studies using nursing interviews, had a sample of n = 419 in the intervention group and n = 445 in the control group. The mean difference in preoperative state anxiety measured with the STAI was in favour of the nursing intervention. CONCLUSION: Nursing interventions for patients who are going to be operated seems to have a positive impact in their preoperative anxiety. However, due to the low number of studies and the heterogeneity of the sample, more research is needed about the topic.

Burnout Syndrome in Paediatric Nurses: A Multi-Centre Study.

BACKGROUND: Burnout syndrome is an increasingly prevalent problem, characterised by emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (D), and low personal accomplishment (PA), feelings that appear with prolonged exposure to stress-inducing situations. The syndrome alters physical well-being and endangers the quality of services provided. Among nurses working in the paediatric area, the association between burnout and the corresponding risk profile has received little research attention, despite the highly stressful nature of this work. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population was composed of 95 nurses working in four hospitals in the province of Granada. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, the NEO Personality Inventory, and the Educational-Clinical Questionnaire: Anxiety and Depression. RESULTS: According to the results obtained, 22.0% of the nurses working in the paediatric area present high levels of EE, 18.5% present high levels of D, and 39.6% had feelings of low PA. These burnout levels do not depend on sociodemographic or labour variables, but the three domains of the syndrome are related to the psychological factors analysed. CONCLUSIONS: Among the nurses who participated in this study, 38.6% presented high levels of burnout, especially regarding feelings of low personal accomplishment. Personality factors play an important role in the development of this syndrome. This study shows the impact of burnout in paediatric nurses as well as the risk factors, providing information for the development of strategies to prevent it.

Burnout Syndrome in Paediatric Oncology Nurses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: To determine levels of burnout among paediatric oncology nurses, and the risk factors that may influence its development. Method: A literature review with meta-analysis was conducted, via a search in the PubMed, CINHAL, Scopus, ProQuest (Health and Medical Complete), Scielo and PsycINFO databases, using the search equation: "Nurs* AND burnout AND oncology AND pediatric". Results: The final sample of selected studies was of eight articles. All were quantitative studies of paediatric oncology nurses, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, written in English or Spanish. No search restrictions were established on the year of publication. The eight studies reported moderate-high levels of burnout in each of its three dimensions. These dimensions were all related to the characteristics of the profession, in terms of complexity, shifts and workload, and to sociodemographic variables such as marital status, work experience, age and gender. The prevalence meta-analytical estimation for a sample of n = 361 nurses were 37% for high emotional exhaustion, 16% for high depersonalisation and 27% for low personal fulfilment. Conclusions: Most paediatric oncology nurses present moderate-high levels of burnout. Therefore, strategies and interventions should be identified and implemented to protect these workers from the syndrome.

Analysis of the Anti-Vaccine Movement in Social Networks: A Systematic Review.

The aim of this study was to analyze social networks' information about the anti-vaccine movement. A systematic review was performed in PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and CUIDEN databases. The search equations were: "vaccine AND social network" and "vaccine AND (Facebook[title] OR Twitter[title] OR Instagram[title] OR YouTube[title])". The final sample was n = 12, including only articles published in the last 10 years, in English or Spanish. Social networks are used by the anti-vaccine groups to disseminate their information. To do this, these groups use different methods, including bots and trolls that generate anti-vaccination messages and spread quickly. In addition, the arguments that they use focus on possible harmful effects and the distrust of pharmaceuticals, promoting the use of social networks as a resource for finding health-related information. The anti-vaccine groups are able to use social networks and their resources to increase their number and do so through controversial arguments, such as the economic benefit of pharmaceuticals or personal stories of children to move the population without using reliable or evidence-based content.

Burnout in Nursing Managers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Related Factors, Levels and Prevalence.

Burnout syndrome is a major problem in occupational health, which also affects nursing managers. The main aim was to analyze the level, prevalence and risk factors of burnout among nursing managers. A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted. The databases used were Medline (Pubmed), PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, Scielo and Scopus. The search equation was "burnout AND nurs* AND (health manager OR case managers)". Nursing managers present high levels of emotional exhaustion and a high degree of depersonalization. Some studies show that variables like age, gender, marital status, having children or mobbing and other occupational factors are related with burnout. The prevalence estimation of emotional exhaustion with the meta-analysis was high; 29% (95% CI = 9-56) with a sample of n = 780 nursing managers. The meta-analytical estimation of the correlation between burnout and age was r = -0.07 (95% CI = -0.23-0.08). Work overload, the need to mediate personnel conflicts, lack of time and support from superior staff, contribute to the development of burnout among nursing managers.

Smartphones and Apps to Control Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Level in Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic endocrine-metabolic disease, the evolution of which is closely related to people´s self-control of glycemic levels through nutrition, exercise, and medicines. AIM: To determine whether smartphone apps can help persons with diabetes to improve their % levels of glycosylated hemoglobin. METHOD: A systematic review and meta-analysis were done. ProQuest, Pubmed/Medline, and Scopus databases were used. The search equation used was "(Prevention and Control) AND Diabetes Mellitus AND Smartphones". The inclusion criteria applied were clinical trials, conducted in 2014-2019. RESULTS: n = 18 studies were included in the review. The studies tried different applications to monitor glycemia and support patients to improve glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. More than half of the studies found statistically significant differences in HbA1c in the intervention group compared with the control group. Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis and the study sample was n = 545 for the experimental group and n = 454 for the control group. The meta-analytic estimation of the HbA1c % level means differences between intervention and control group was statistically significant in favour of the intervention group with a mean difference of -0.37 (-0.58, -0.15. 95% confidence interval). CONCLUSION: Smartphone apps can help people with diabetes to improve their level of HbA1c, but the clinical impact is low.

Prevalence, Related Factors, and Levels of Burnout Syndrome Among Nurses Working in Gynecology and Obstetrics Services: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Although burnout levels and the corresponding risk factors have been studied in many nursing services, to date no meta-analytical studies have been undertaken of obstetrics and gynecology units to examine the heterogeneity of burnout in this environment and the variables associated with it. In the present paper, we aim to determine the prevalence, levels, and related factors of burnout syndrome among nurses working in gynecology and obstetrics services. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature were carried out using the following sources: CINAHL (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature), LILACS (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), Medline, ProQuest (Proquest Health and Medical Complete), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and Scopus. RESULTS: Fourteen relevant studies were identified, including, for this meta-analysis, n = 464 nurses. The following prevalence values were obtained: emotional exhaustion 29% (95% CI: 11-52%), depersonalization 19% (95% CI: 6-38%), and low personal accomplishment 44% (95% CI: 18-71%). The burnout variables considered were sociodemographic (age, marital status, number of children, gender), work-related (duration of the workday, nurse-patient ratio, experience or number of miscarriages/abortions), and psychological (anxiety, stress, and verbal violence). CONCLUSION: Nurses working in obstetrics and gynecology units present high levels of burnout syndrome. In over 33% of the study sample, at least two of the burnout dimensions considered are apparent.

Prevalence of burnout in paediatric nurses: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Although burnout in paediatric nurses has been addressed in previous research, the heterogeneous nature of the results obtained and of the variables studied highlights the need for a detailed analysis of the literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyse the literature on burnout characteristics, reported prevalence, severity and risk factors, to achieve a better understanding of the risk of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and feelings of low personal accomplishment. METHOD: For this purpose, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. The databases consulted were CINAHL, LILACS, PubMed, the Proquest Platform (Proquest Health & Medical Complete), Scielo and Scopus. This study used the search equation "burnout AND "pediatric nurs*"", and was conducted in July 2017. RESULTS: The search produced 34 studies targeting burnout in paediatric nurses, with no restrictions on the date of publication. Many of these studies detected moderate-high values for the three dimensions of burnout, and highlighted sociodemographic, psychological and job-related variables associated with this syndrome. The sample population for the meta-analysis was composed of 1600 paediatric nurses. The following prevalence values were obtained: (i) emotional exhaustion, 31% (95% CI: 25-37%); (ii) depersonalisation, 21% (95% CI: 11-33%); (iii) low personal accomplishment, 39% (95% CI: 28-50%). CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of paediatric nurses were found to have moderate-high levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and low levels of personal accomplishment. These nurses, therefore, were either experiencing burnout or at high risk of suffering it in the future. These results support the need for further study of the risk factors for burnout in paediatric nurses. They also highlight the importance of developing interventions or therapies to help prevent or attenuate the above symptoms, thus helping nurses cope with the workplace environment and with situations that may lead to burnout.